Dude, your a Fag Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Man, your a Fag - Essay Example Pascoe managed the issues of racial assorted variety in a sensitive way while coming to her meaningful conclusion. This is trailed by a clarification of the criticalness of obligatory heterosexuality in the talk of manliness. Pascoe adequately features the assault culture while disclosing how young men will in general break the phantom of being a fag. Pasco then features and analyzes the part of manliness between two gatherings of young ladies. The primary gathering is that of gay-straight political little youngsters and the other gathering is that of muscle heads that may regularly be seen playing ball that speak to the hip-jump culture and are commonly dark. Numerous young ladies having a place with the subsequent class are lesbians. The well known ball young ladies will in general be increasingly manly in their activities and conduct when contrasted with the GSA young ladies that would prefer to research such standards. With this, Pascoe infers that manliness fits great with the y oung ladies who venture male centric standards. At long last, Pascoe proposes a few arrangements that would expand the mindfulness and resilience of the secondary school the executives towards the sex decent variety and articulation of sexuality. Consequently, they would be in a situation to limit provocation of gay understudies, juvenile young men and other female understudies in the secondary schools.

The Gathering Text Response Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Gathering Text Response Essay, Research Paper Content Response # 8211 ; Good Vs. Detestable Great versus unethical behavior is a generally investigated subject in Isobelle Carmody # 8217 ; s novel # 8216 ; The Gathering # 8217 ; . It is generally obvious in the contention between the Chain and the Kraken, by the by the more vile, slippery Acts of the Apostless of abhorrence happen when he endeavors to do every part powerless by violating their failings. While the physical delineations, for example, the finishing up strife, the killing of The Tod and the savage Acts of the Apostless by Buddha and his pack could definitely be delegated shamelessness, it is my conviction that the programming of the students and the overeager forces of similarity Mr. Karle employs are progressively treacherous, fleetly populating and bearing witness to in the heads of individuals in a way that is more remarkable than any straight-out Acts of the Apostless of power. A delineation of how the indecency inside Cheshunt and Mr. We will compose a custom article test on The Gathering Text Response Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Karle are act uponing inhabitants to execute flagitious Acts of the Apostless can be found on page 214 when Buddha murders Nathanial # 8217 ; s Canis familiaris with an end goal to render him helpless to Mr. Karle # 8217 ; s endeavors to make things happen him. The Tod was heartlessly murdered by being splashed in kerosine thus put land. Page 214 peruses as follows, # 8220 ; The lucifer arrived in his tail and flames cleared frontward up over him. Eaten up him. He curved and looped, yiping in harming and dread, thus he shouted, a long chilly ululation of torment and frenzy. For one horrendous second, his eyes took a gander at me from out of the flames, pouching and arguing. # 8221 ; This horrendous and threatening occasion was deciphered by Nat as punishment due to Lallie # 8217 ; s intervention of the dim before when he was being pursued by ferine Canis familiariss. Nathanial # 8217 ; s response was one of offensiveness and awfulness as he saw the killing by Buddha. Another delineation of fiendishness happens on page 247, when Nathanial reviews his male parent looking to execute him # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Children ought to be seen and non heard # 8217 ; he stated, and his huge manus shut around my cervix. Also, crushed. # 8221 ; This could be grounds that a genetic run of brutal conduct could other than contaminate Nathanial # 8217 ; s blood. Potentially th is the reason Mr. Karle battles to change over Nathanial and endeavors to oblige him to fall in The Gathering. One case relating to the subject of Good Vs Evil in the novel can be found on pages 224 and 225. This part of the novel incorporates a contention among Nissa and a ferine Canis familiaris ; this is a physical clash among great and underhandedness. This concentrate from the novel shows that the Chain do in truth battle a physical clash against the malevolent powers of obscurity contained in Cheshunt. An additional case of Good Vs Evil is found on page 257 # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Kill them all! Slaughter them all! # 8217 ; the Kraken screamed # 8216 ; May the Chain win long! # 8217 ; # 8221 ; This concentrate from the finishing up strife in the novel shows the way that the Chain must non just battle a physical clash against the dim powers of Cheshunt. They should other than use their trustworthiness as an arm against the haziness This finishing up and persuading representation regarding corruption and savagery in the new happens on page 120 # 8220 ; they held me down, belted me with their sticks thus they held me while the Canis familiaris assaulted me # 8221 ; . This backings Mrs. Delaney # 8217 ; s adage on individuals in spots of intensity: # 8220 ; Power defiles and supreme force undermines splendidly # 8221 ; . The constabulary who had control over typical residents, got degenerate over clasp and this is the thing that enabled them to execute vicious Acts of the Apostless, for example, this one. Great Versus Evil is the general subject in this novel, with the individuals from the Chain trying to improve of the dull powers inside Cheshunt. It is an of import subject in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that the novel is composed as a phantasy, it contains practical scenes. The entirety of the representations of good and shrewdness in the book are things that could actually perchance go on in our ain society, as they are non completely unlikely or # 8216 ; trick # 8217 ; . The significance of this is to pass on to the peruser that underhanded exists in our ain universe, non in the generalized way we much of the time see it, as an otherworldly power, however as the force individuals employ over others to take them to make the off base things. List of sources The Gathering

MPA-DP Summer Placement in Hanoi, Vietnam COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

MPA-DP Summer Placement in Hanoi, Vietnam COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Nausher Khan MPA-DP 19 shares his Summer Field Placement experience in Hanoi, Vietnam. Over the course of the summer, I along with my MPA-DP colleague, Claire Thibault worked with the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in Hanoi as part of the inaugural Columbia World Project (CWP). The CWP is titled ACToday: Adapting agriculture to climate today for tomorrow and is a collaboration between the International Research Institute at Columbia University and strategic partners in 6 countries. The project is operational in Vietnam, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Senegal, Colombia and Guatemala and is scheduled to run for 5 years commencing in 2018. The CWP is mandated with working with the relevant national governments and civil society organisations to enhance their capacity in adapting their food systems to the changing climate. These countries have been chosen as they are predominantly agriculture based economies which are severely vulnerable to climate change. Vietnam is the third largest producer of coffee and second largest producer of rice in the world, however due to its placement proximal to the south China sea, it has experienced a proliferation of extreme weather events over the preceding decade. Additionally, due to the global sea level rise, the Mekong delta in the south of Vietnam is subject to saline intrusion, rendering rice paddies situated on the river bed, extremely unproductive. A pattern of increased rains and typhoons in the north of the country, and drier and hotter summers in the South is posing a current and impending threat to the agricultural productivity of the country. Thus, ACToday is partnering with the ministry of natural resources and environment, ministry of agriculture and rural development, and with international organizations such as CIAT in Vietnam to build their adaptive and mitigative capabilities. The project aims to help the local government incorporate accurate Climate change projections and data into the development of their agricultural plans and setting of their food system priorities. Over this summer, the MPA-DP student team working in Vietnam worked to conduct an extensive stakeholder analysis and needs assessment of the climate information services value chain. We were tasked with identifying the organisations and processes responsible for the production of climate information, the translation of that information into agricultural advisories, and the dissemination channels by which this information was reaching the farmers. This initial scoping will lay the foundation for the succeeding initiatives that will be established under the ambit of the ACToday program. Similar work was carried out in the remaining CWP countries and now as the strategic operations have been formalized In the respective countries, the project will enter the second phase and work in a localized manner to achieve the end goal of increased food security through a sustainable food system. In addition to the conduction of the climate information service value chain analysis, I had the opportunity to document the experience in an audio-visual format. The purpose of this documentation would be to develop a short audio-visual case study to be used as a teaching aid for the students of Food systems in the coming years. This documentary followed the novel format of student-led filmmaking, primarily using an Iphone to record field experiences, day-day life and expert interviews. It will go to show the impact of climate change on Vietnamese agriculture, and capture the experience of working within the mandate of the CWP in Vietnam.

What Are the Best Work Study Jobs

Finding a part-time job during college can be daunting—not to mention figuring out how to schedule your job in between your classes, extracurricular activities, and social life. The federal work study program helps to ease this burden by providing undergraduate and graduate students who have financial need with the opportunity to work part-time to help pay for school. Students who are eligible will be awarded work study through the FAFSA, though funds are limited, meaning students who are interested in work study should fill out a FAFSA application and accept the work study funds as soon as possible. Keep in mind that being awarded work study does not guarantee you a specific job. That means means you have the opportunity to decide what kind of work study job you’re interested in, especially if you start your search early. Before setting your heart on a position, consider the following: Would you prefer a job on or off campus?Would you rather work in a hectic, social environment or a quiet, more isolated work space?What are your interests and hobbies, and how does that affect your interest in your working environment?What is a fair wage for your circumstance? Work study participants will always make at least minimum wage, but your earning could fluctuate anywhere between $8 and $20 per hour, depending on your job. The average wage hovers right around $11 per hour. Once you’ve narrowed down what you’re looking for, you can inquire through your university to find out what positions are available. Start your search with these ten popular and practical work study jobs for college students. Financial Aid Office Assistant As a financial aid office assistant, you would be the first point of contact for anybody with questions about financial aid. You would also maintain up-to-date financial files on students, review applications and documents, and track down any missing information. If you’re great at managing people, this job would be a perfect fit. Plus, you would have the perk of being the first person to learn about new scholarship opportunities. Keep in mind, though, that you would also be the point person for anybody dealing with stressful financial situations. To do well in this position, you must problem solve and work well under pressure. New Student Orientation Leader If you love working with large groups of people, this is the job for you! As an orientation leader, you would be the first face new students associate with their university experience. In this role, you would guide new students through the first steps of college, including moving in, locating important places on campus, and registering for classes. You might even make a few new friends. Keep in mind that orientation leaders tend to work long hours during the beginning of each semester, and this position would require additional training during summer months. However, you would have more freedom during the middle of each semester. Some orientation leaders even receive extra job perks like university store discounts and in some cases even pieces of technology to keep (hello, iPad!). Resident Assistant So you’ve been in college for at least a year now, and you’re looking to take up a new job. Why not look into becoming a resident assistant (RA)? As a resident assistant, you would serve as a role model to students in your dormitory and on campus, tasked with enforcing the rules and policies of your university. You job would be at home, meaning you wouldn’t need to necessarily leave your studies to complete your responsibilities. Often, resident assistants work in pairs, so you would always be in a team environment, and youd likely be working in exchange for room and board, which could be a major savings. However, you would need to feel comfortable enforcing university policies, which might mean occasionally being the bad guy in the eyes of the residents you oversee. Student Tour Guide Leading groups of prospective students and their parents can be especially rewarding if you love your university and want to share all it has to offer. In this role, your primary responsibility would be to show the highlights of campus and explain to prospective students what campus life is like at your university.  Ã‚   As a campus guide, you would quickly learn the secrets of your university. You’ll know where to find the best coffee, the optimal study space, or even a free parking spot. However, you will also need to know the ins and out of admission and financial aid, and you’ll need to be able to think quickly to answer the questions that come your way. Teaching Assistant or Research Assistant If you have developed a strong relationship with a professor or you simply want to learn more in your field, look for research or teaching assistant positions in your degree program. Teaching assistants will grade papers, help fellow students, and assist with busy office hours, while research assistants typically do more data entry and research for specific projects that professors are working on. Either way, working closely with a university professor will provide you with the opportunity for great references in the future, plus you will be able to include any research you assist with on your resume. These positions are generally very independent, and at times you may feel like youre piling even more academic work onto your already-busy schedule. You will need to be self-motivated to succeed. Peer Tutor If you excel in certain academic area, consider becoming a peer tutor through your university’s tutoring center. Your role would be to assist other students in grasping difficult concepts. Not only would you help them with specific tasks, but you can also teach them beneficial study and note taking habits for future success. Working in an academic environment would strengthen your performance in your own classes, especially if you take the time to develop new learning and study strategies. However, you might find yourself exhausted and overwhelmed if you don’t take time away from studies—yours and your peers— to focus on your mental health and social wellbeing. Library Assistant As a library assistant, you would help fellow students and library patrons find material, use library resources, and check in and out books.  You would also spend time tracking down students that have overdue material. In this role, you would become an expert on often-overlooked, valuable library resources and how to use them. However, this job could easily become dull if you crave a hectic workplace environment. Writing Center Assistant If you love to write and have a high-level grasp on grammar and prose, you should consider working in your university’s writing center. You would read material brought to you by your peers, giving them constructive criticism in order to help them improve their writing. The only way to become a better writer is to write, so if you have writing career goals, this position would be a perfect opportunity for self-improvement. However, if youre looking for an active, intense work environment, the writing center may not be the most suitable place. University Bookstore Clerk As any university student knows, the bookstore is not just a place to buy books. Clerks sell all sorts of different products, including university-emblazoned clothing, school supplies, electronics, and more. Clerks also are responsible for pulling books and materials from shelves and setting it aside for students that place online orders. If you are a neat and organized person, this may be the perfect role for you (not to mention the discounts!). However, this job can get repetitive, and you must also have an interest in customer service. Fitness Center Assistant Always at the gym? Why not apply for a position as an assistant at your university’s fitness center? You will spend most of your time cleaning machines, re-racking weights, and greeting and checking in students and members. The job may not be glamorous at first, but working in your university fitness center provides excellent networking opportunities with coaches, physical therapists, and outdoor recreation leaders. However, bear in mind that you will spend quite a bit of time cleaning up after sweaty students.   Whatever work study position you choose, make sure to invest in your future by giving it all you’ve got. You never know where you might end up.

Definition and Examples of Word Aversion (or Logomisia)

In language studies, logomisia is an informal term for a strong dislike for a particular word (or type of word) based on its sound, meaning, usage, or associations. Also known as word aversion or  verbal virus. In a post on Language Log, linguistics professor Mark Liberman defines the concept of word aversion as a feeling of intense, irrational distaste for the sound or sight of a particular word or phrase, not because its use is regarded as etymologically or logically or grammatically wrong, nor because it’s felt to be over-used or redundant or trendy or non-standard, but simply because the word itself somehow feels unpleasant or even disgusting.   Moist   A Web site called Visual Thesaurus asked its readers to rate how much they like or dislike certain words. And the second-most-hated word was moist. (A friend once said that she dislikes cake mixes that are advertised as being extra-moist because that basically means super-dank.) Oh, and the most-hated word of all was hate. So a lot of people hate hate.(Bart King, The Big Book of Gross Stuff. Gibbs Smith, 2010) My mother. She hates balloons and the word moist. She considers it pornographic.(Ellen Muth as George Lass in Dead Like Me, 2002) Drool My own word aversion is longstanding, and several decades from the first time I heard it I still pull back, like the flanges of a freshly opened oyster. It is the verb to drool, when applied to written prose, and especially to anything I myself have written. Very nice people have told me, for a long time now, that some things they have read of mine, in books or magazines, have made them drool. . . .I . . . should be grateful, and even humble, that I have reminded people of what fun it is, vicariously or not, to eat/live. Instead I am revolted. I see a slavering slobbering maw. It dribbles helplessly, in a Pavlovian response. It drools.(M.F.K. Fisher, As the Lingo Languishes. The State of the Language, ed. by Leonard Michaels and Christopher B. Ricks. University of California Press, 1979) Panties Adriana recovered first. Panties is a vile word, she said. She frowned and emptied the caipirinha pitcher into her glass. . . .Im just pointing out its relative grossness. All women hate the word. Panties. Just say it—panties. It makes my skin crawl.(Lauren Weisberger, Chasing Harry Winston. Downtown Press, 2008)He used the eraser end of a pencil to pick up a pair of womens underwear (technically, they were panties—stringy, lacy, red—but I know women get creeped out by that word—just Google hate the word panties).(Gillian Flynn, Gone Girl. Crown, 2012) Cheese There are people who dislike the sound of certain words—they would enjoy eating cheese if it had a different name, but so long as it is called cheese, they will have none of it.(Samuel Engle Burr, An Introduction to College. Burgess, 1949) Suck Suck was a queer word. The fellow called Simon Moonan that name because Simon Moonan used to tie the prefects false sleeves behind his back and the prefect used to let on to be angry. But the sound was ugly. Once he had washed his hands in the lavatory of the Wicklow Hotel and his father pulled the stopper up by the chain after and the dirty water went down through the hole in the basin. And when it had all gone down slowly the hole in the basin had made a sound like that: suck. Only louder.(James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 1916) The Disgust Response Jason Riggle, a professor in the department of linguistics at the University of Chicago, says word aversions are similar to phobias. If there is a single central hallmark to this, it’s probably that it’s a more visceral response, he says. The [words] evoke nausea and disgust rather than, say, annoyance or moral outrage. And the disgust response is triggered because the word evokes a highly specific and somewhat unusual association with imagery or a scenario that people would typically find disgusting—but don’t typically associate with the word. These aversions, Riggle adds, don’t seem to be elicited solely by specific letter combinations or word characteristics. If we collected enough of [these words], it might be the case that the words that fall in this category have some properties in common, he says. But it’s not the case that words with those properties in common always fall in the category.(Matthew J.X. Malady, Why Do We Hate Certain Wo rds? Slate, April 1, 2013) The Lighter Side of Logomisia Our theme this time was an Ugliest Word Contest: everyone had to show up with a sign around their neck on which would be written the ugliest word they could think of. All the linguists present would later judge the best entry. . . .On the sofa were PUS and EXPECTORATE. On the floor, sitting cross-legged in a half circle in front of the stone fireplace, and all balancing paper plates heaped high with nachos, hummous, and guacamole, I spotted RECTUM, PALPITATE, and PLACENTA (as one of the linguists, I knew that placenta would be eliminated quickly from the running: while it brought to mind an ugly image, its phonetic realization was actually rather lovely). In a fantastic coincidence, SMEGMA . . . was cuddling up to SCROTUM against the pantry doors in the kitchen. . . .As I walked around, I realized that a lot of these words would make great band names: e.g., FECAL MATTER (phrase: disqualify), LIPOSUCTION, EXOSKELETON.(Jala Pfaff, Seducing the Rabbi. Blue Flax Press, 2006) Pronunciation: low-go-ME-zha

Rap Music Free Essays

Daniel Cha English T/TR 7am 27 Febuarany 2013 Essay 1 Rap’s Opposing views When it comes to defining rap music, some define it as poetry in the form of music. Even though rap music is thought of as a form of art, it is highly debated as a controversial social issue. Author   Sid Kirchheimer from † Does rap put teens at risk† makes a claim that rap music is a detriment to our youth. We will write a custom essay sample on Rap Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now He believes that negative behaviors is the outcome of people watching and listening to rap music. Author Curtis Aron from â€Å"Rap Music: Is It As Bad As Some People Think? Thinks otherwise and claims that rap music is looked at as a whole and is greatly misunderstood. Aron explains that the genre of rap music is blanketed by its popular view of being a negative influence and is being greatly misunderstood. Using the Toulmin model of argument, both arguments offer very good reasons why their arguments provide persuasive evidence about the different perspectives of rap music. Kirchheimer’s warrant is, that initially rap music automatically leaves a bad tastes in peoples mouth. Kirchheimer’s view on rap is that because teens watch so much television they are exposed to what he calls â€Å"reel life of a gangsta. By watching these rap videos, they are more likely to practice the behaviors they see off their favorite rap artists or rap music video. He claims that becaus e of long hours of exposure to rap music teenagers are starting to behave like what they see on television. His grounds offer truths because his claim of watching rap videos is backed with statistically data. He says, â€Å"Researchers found that compared to those who never or rarely watched these videos, the girls who viewed these gangsta videos for at least 14 hours per week were far more likely to practice numerous destructive behaviors. Over the course of the one-year study, they were three times more likely to hit a teacher, over 2. 5 times more likely to get arrested, twice as likely to have multiple sexual partners and 1. 5 times more likely to get a sexually transmitted disease, use  drugs, or drink alcohol. â€Å"Rap initially does leave a bad taste in people mouths, the quote provides statistical evidence that supports why people should and would despise it. Aron, with his own warrant states, that genre of rap music is blanketed by its popular view of being a negative influence. Aron says that â€Å"Rap music has long had a reputation of being a form of music that represents violence, sexual exploitation and excess. The genre has been criticized in the media, associated with some of the nation’s social ill and seen by a good number of people as bad on citizens in general. † He first goes against his own viewpoints to prove that he understands the issue. He provides a counterargument to prove he is a reliable source about how rap can be seen as a social ill. Aron’s use of the Toulmin argument continues as he offers his rebuttal and backing by saying, not all rap music is bad music. Aron states, â€Å"There is some rap music that is created with the intention of sending a positive message to its audience. There are songs that denounce violence and call for more peace and togetherness in the inner city in an attempt to improve the quality of life. † Some truth that the author stresses is how there is positive rap and it can serve as a purpose of improving social consciousness. An example rap group he uses to provide evidence to his backing is a group named â€Å"The East Coast AllStars. † He supports this group because it adds qualification that not all rap music is bad music. But most importantly because the group understands that music is highly influential, so they really push and write songs that gives positive influence to these communities that are being run by violence, sex, and drug exploitations. Kirchheimer also reveals that he understands both sides of the subject by stating a counterargument of his own. He says that, â€Å"Parents need to know what their children are being exposed to. Certainly, rap is not the only music that portrays negative stereotypes or can negatively impact behaviors, and not all rap music should be implicated. But there have been nearly 1,000 studies that have looked at the effects. † Kirchheimer shows a weak side by admitting that not all rap music should be implicated. He is rationale and does admit that all rap music is not the case. How he collects himself is by telling readers to be aware that the studies about the effects are true. He also uses emotional evidence by explaining that parents especially should be aware of what their children are watching and listening too. Aron’s reaction to Kirchheimer response is that he recognizes that people are so influenced by rap music. People especially children see these rappers and replicate their behaviors. Curtis Aron spills one huge secret that most of the things rappers and artist say they do are bias. Aron writes, â€Å"Many times, the rap artist is creating a fictionalized account of certain events for the purpose of intriguing and entertaining people and sometimes uses characters to facilitate those accounts†¦ This is no different from other forms of entertainment, in particular, the movie industry. When our favorite actor portrays a gun toting, drug using, highly sexual character in a movie, it is not seen as degenerate. He gives a broader and new perspective on how people should view these fictional characters. Rappers are much like fictional characters from movies. He explains that the things they do such as gun toting, drug using, and sexual innuendos are all for the purpose of intriguing and entertaining people. In the highly debated argument of rap music being a controversial issue, both Kirchh eimer and Aron are identifying themselves as a scholarly source about the subject of rap music. Both understand and access reliable information to be used as a notable source. Through the Toulmin model argument, both Sid Kirchheimer and Curtis Aron provide great strengths and explore the topic of rap to educate readers about their views. Kirchheimer states, that initially rap music automatically leaves a bad tastes in peoples mouth and provides good warrants and evidence to back his view. However, Aron proves that his argument is stronger as he educates that the readers that his warrant, the genre of rap music is blanketed by its popular view of being a negative influence. He gives evidence of both for and against the issue and expands over Kirchheimer’s argument. How to cite Rap Music, Papers

Illiterate in some terms. Essay Example For Students

Illiterate in some terms. Essay This part of the scene, in particular, the quote will be acted out in a way that the audience can interpret from the brothers that the two are completely clueless on the type of plate. This could be done with the use of facial expressions, which will give an indication to the audience about the confusion the two are experiencing. By doing this, a sense of friendship forms between the two as they are sharing a joke amongst themselves. To the audience this will be a slight relief as the twins are getting along well, and releases some of the tension created earlier during the play. If I was directing the play, I would stage this part of the scene outside the house that Sammy fell from, as the two, Mickey and Edward could be looking over the roof from where Sammy fell from. Edward may look reluctant due to the fact that, because of the social differences, no child would dare climb the roof of a house from where Edward is from, however again, the contrast proves how the two brothers who come from two completely different backgrounds are dissimilar. This scene would be performed with the blazing hot sun overlooking the two boys who are on the roof, with Edward wearing sun lotion and a cap with a t-shirt and shorts and sandals. Whilst on the other hand, Mickey would be bright red from the scorching heat and he would be wearing shoes that soles have been partially ripped, alongside a pair of ripped baggy jeans and topless. This immediately would strike the audience with the major social differences between the two. Also as the boys are sitting on the roof of the house, there are terraced houses crammed together surrounding them in all directions. This gives an indication to the audience of the social class of the area. Another part I have a high regard for is the section where Edward humiliates Mickey through the joke about the F word. Due to the upbringing of Mickey this type of language and the knowledge of informal language and swears are expectable, and this is in complete contrast to Edwards nurture. The impact amongst the audience would be that, Mickey seems like a common child from Liverpool, where a low means of education is possessed by the majority. The audience will also react to the way that Mickey pretends to know what a dictionary is just to show himself up in front of Edward, however he achieves the complete opposite in humiliating himself. This shows Mickeys personality as he wants to be known as someone who is intelligent; however he is illiterate in some terms. This scene would clearly indicate to the audience of the vast difference between the two in terms of class. If I was directing this scene I would have the two standing opposite each other on a pavement in one of the estates, where Edward would be nibbling onto some sweets whilst Mickey staring and craving some. The weather would be mild with the time being around midday; therefore the sun is at its highest point in the sky and will be beaming upon the two. This can be shown with a bright yellow spotlight shining down on the two siblings. By Russell conveying the ideas of class differences it makes this play extremely effective towards the audience. My perception of the audiences reaction towards my chosen scene (Scene 1) is positive and can enlighten those who are unaware of the facts of how the social class is possible of even dividing brothers, and I think that this difference has been emphasised in my chosen scene. This draws the attention of the audience as it is an effective piece, but also it is the opening scene, therefore it gets a positive response from the audience.  Another way, in which the audience would find this particular extract of interest due to the character of Mickey, as he is quite funny and stupid, hence is a crowd favourite. With his constant informal language and swears it shows to the audience Mickeys personality of how he does not burden on what others think of him. .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 , .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 .postImageUrl , .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 , .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757:hover , .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757:visited , .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757:active { border:0!important; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757:active , .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757 .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8dd4b6c45c6a840d7636b0e3948ee757:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In The Shooting An Elephant, George Orwell Describes An Internal EssayRussell presents the ideas of social class differences through numerous quotations in my chosen extract. The main social class differences are expressed through Edward and Mickey by means of comparison of the two. One way in which the social disparities are revealed through speech, as Edward is well spoken and formal, in contrast to Mickey who is informally spoken and uses abbreviated words vastly throughout his context. Another way that the differences are presented are through the behaviour and the way the two characters conduct themselves. Edward is straight forward in terms of personality, whilst Mic key is sly in the way he conducts his actions and his personality is quite difficult to understand. In my opinion Russell demonstrates the idea of human nature and society differences throughout the book effectively. My perception on Russells main intention is that he is trying to illustrate the idea that, human nature does not affect the individuals actions, however society moulds the persons personality, due to the culture that the person is grown to be used to can change ones personality.

Theory Critique Jean Watson free essay sample

Theory Critique: Theory of â€Å"Human Caring† Abigail Peerce Maryville University â€Å"Caring is the essence of nursing† (Chantal, 2003, p. 57). Caring is the essence and core of my nursing background and why I chose to take the path towards a career as a professional nurse. The art and science of a postmodern model of transpersonal caring-healing is complementary to the science of medical curing, modern nursing, and medical practices (Chantal, 2003, p. 1) The three major central components of Watson’s theory include the carative factors, transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring occasion or moment. The original 10 carative factors were revised in 1985 to the â€Å"Clinical Caritas Process†. Fitzpatrick and Whall (2005) state that â€Å"Watson proposes that the clinical Caritas framework is a transformation of the original caring model which emphasizes the merging of spirituality, and evocation of love and caring to provide new paradigm for the millennium† (p. 310).The transpersonal caring relationship according to Fitzpatrick and Whall (2005) is a â€Å"†¦relationship that moves beyond ego-self and radiates to spiritual, even cosmic concerns and connections that tap into healing possibilities and potentials† (p. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory Critique Jean Watson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 310). Watson proclaims caring is the â€Å"moral ideal† in nursing. Creating a transpersonal relationship comes from the bond between two beings that help the ill â€Å"†¦find meaning in illness and suffering in order to restore or promote the person’s harmony† (www. watsoncaringsience. org).The analysis of consistency allows one to reflect on a theory to better understand the theory relates to practice, research, and education (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005). Watson’s model of caring â€Å"has been criticized for the incongruent use of abstract terminology in defining the component and relationships within the original human caring theory and the postmodern transpersonal caring-healing paradigm† (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 315). The use of vague terminology makes it difficult to understand and define the components.Watson theory has become complex with the incorporation of components from spiritualism, philosophy, mysticism, and existentialism. â€Å"Accessibility addresses the extent to which empiric indicators can be identified for concept with the theory and how attainable the projected outcomes of the theory are† (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 317). Some of the empirical indicators that have been developed include are the caring efficacy scale, caring assessment report evaluation, and caring behavior checklist.

Telecommunications essays

Telecommunications essays One of the fastest growing industries in recent years has been the communications industry, particularly the cellular and personal communications industry. This global explosion of technology has spread, rapidly linking both highly industrial areas as well as that of the third world and emerging countries. The deployment of wireless communication has been readily accepted in remote and previously somewhat isolated areas. The emergence of specialized companies in this field has produced numerous competitors for this market. The communication companies such as Harris, Nortel and Ericsson are all competing in this market for renewed company growth and prosperity. The effect of competition in this global marketplace is such that in order to remain recognized in these markets firms are required more than ever to establish a presence in these new markets and rethink as well as redefine the way in which they do business. The buzz word Hyper has been used in conjunction with these companies, and has been associated with three main functions which have changed and evolved with the new business logic. These are; The trend in company policy in the past was to win every possible sale at any cost. All prioritization of the firm was a function of the current deal. Large established firms such as Nortel were seen as being the best simply because of their size. When a firms primary focus is on sales and revenue alone, it leads to a fragmentation of reserves within the organization. This effect was seen and experienced first hand by Nortel directly when with Globalization, little regard was given to direct support of their product in countries where it was used. The new focus of Nortel, Harris and Ericcson has been on the importance of not winning at any cost, ...

Legal system and methods cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Legal system and methods cases - Essay Example The appellant raised two issues on appeal. The first issue was that the Advocate-depute included in their indictment Count 1, which was a count for false imprisonment of one Tracy McGhee, and Count 2 was for distributing Amphetamines, in contravention of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, Section 4(3)(b). The issue on appeal was that the Advocate-deputes did not lead any evidence at trial for either of these Counts, therefore they should not have been included in the indictment. The appellant asked to separate these charges from the other charges, but this request was refused. Furthermore, the Advocate-depute did not attempt to rectify this by changing the indictment to omit these counts. The trial judge acquitted the appellant on these two charges, and gave explicit instructions to the jury not to consider these two counts. However, when the trial judge gave his instructions to the jury, he asked the jury to consider if including these counts in the indictment was fair or unfair. This is not the function of the jury, rather, the judge is to make this assessment. The second issue on appeal was that a witness, Samuel Quigg, stated on the stand that he was indicted for conspiracy to commit robbery in 1988, along with the appellant, Mr. Donnell. This prejudiced the appellant, as evidence of any prior convictions cannot be used against him. Although this was not a prior conviction that was brought up by the witness, it was an indictment, the context was that he was being asked about his prior convictions, so the jury could probably assume that the witness was convicted along with appellant. This statement was volunteered by Mr. Quigg, not solicited by the Advocate-depute or the appellant’s solicitor, a fact that is significant. That there was evidence of a prior conviction before the jury was in contravention of Section 101 of Scotland’s Criminal Procedure Act 1995. The appellant asked

Let Your Style Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Let Your Style Change - Essay Example It aims at opening the mind of the learner to recognition of the usefulness of what is being mastered. Finally, the learner at ri level no longer perceives the rules as constrictions but as the basis to learning and freedom. The learner acts according to mind or heart desires without overstepping laws. Shu ha ri could be applied in real world. In human resources management, organizational leaders receive training to act as coaches and not as managers, thus resulting in an inclusive leadership style. It has also found application in software development, considered to be more of an art than science, where solutions and requirements involve collaboration among cross-functional teams, resulting in evolutionary development and swift response to changes. For a team of project members new to agile methodologies, the three strategies I would use include teaching, coaching and advising. I will teach them on agile values, practices and principles. Having an understanding of these, coaching would be introduced to help them find different solutions in developing their own solutions. After fully internalizing these values, practices and principles, I would adopt the role of being an advisor to

Transgenic Plants and Their Applications

Transgenic Plants and Their Applications Aim of study Rice is one of the main staple foods in this world. It is particular interesting that studies be done on enhancing the rice production. There are biotic and abiotic factors that can reduce the production of rice but the aim for this study is to examine further into genes that can enhance rice tolerance towards drought as drought one of the main factors that decreases the annual production of rice in the world. In addition, genes conferring tolerance to transgenic rice will also lead to other positive phenotype effect such as salt tolerance (Hu et al., 2006), disease tolerance (Chen and Guo, 2008) and many more. The research of transgenic plants is still in its infant stage as technology progress to further extend. As this transgenic research is still new, there is a lot problem surrounding this new research and it is particularly important for one to know every aspect in transgenic rice. Aspect such as benefits and setbacks should be provided so that the aspects can be reviewed and to find a balance point. Balance point is where the benefit will overweight the setbacks. Furthermore, review would be more wholesome and informative and the information provided will lead to invoking thought of scientists that are interested to study further in the transgenic field. Rice Production According to Food and Argriculture Association (FAO) of United Nation, rice is the second largest produced cereal in the world. Around 350 million tons of rice was produced in the early 1990s and by the end of the century it had reached 410 million tons. Asia countries are the major rice producer in the world (90%) with China and India producing one-third of global population supply (ref?). Currently, rice is grown and harvested on every continent except Antarctica, where conditions are not suitable for rice growth. Other major rice producer includes India, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, Philipine, and Bangladesh. Currently, more than 550 million tons of rice is produced annually around the globe. Few thousands of new strains of rice are produced till today. That includes those grown in the wild and those which are cultivated as a crop. Globally, more than 3 billion people from Asia and other countries depend on rice (Oryza sativa) as their staple food, and by 2025 at least 60% more rice must be produced to meet the demands of the growing human population (Yarasi et al., 2008). Currently, rice yield around the world are just barely enough to support the people that depend on rice as food (Karaba et al., 2007). This problem has become worrying because food shortage related to rice may escalate out of control and sends billions into starvation. Factors affecting rice production This shortage may be caused by biotic and abiotic factor (Capell et al., 2004). Plants had to face periodic or unpredictable biotic and abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, cold, pests, and disease. The most significant abiotic stresses faced by plant are high salt environment and drought. These stresses inhibit crop growth and development and usually result in plant death. As crops fail, the production of food will decrease accordingly. Biotic Interference Production of rice is negatively impacted by numerous biotic factors includes insect infestation and microorganism invasion. An approximate 52% of the global production of rice is lost annually owing to the damage caused by biotic factors, of which around 21% is attributed to the attack of insect pests (Brookes and Barfoot, 2003). Insects belonging to plant hopper (Delphacidae) and leaf hopper (Cicadellidae) are hard to control and monitor. So, a lot of rice yield are lost due to insect infestation. Insects not only cause direct losses to the agricultural produce but also act as vectors for various plant pathogens that causes disease (Dahal et al., 1997; Foissac et al., 2000)The most known pests of rice are viz, brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH), green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens, GLH) and whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera, WBPH) are known to cause severe damage. They have a hugh appetite for plant sap, and in large numbers, they can suck the sap of plants to the point where plants will lose important nutrient in sap and die. They also act as vectors for major viral diseases (Yarasi et al., 2008). Abiotic Interference Plants are non motile organism and needs to find suitable environment to continue on growing. Sometimes the environmental conditions are not suitable for them. So the challenge is the plants had to adapt to its environment by some biological mechanisms that are able to help plants to flourish in stressful environment. They manage to do so by series of event. First sensing a stress, and then signaling the stress through a series of components, leading to activation of a large number of stress-related genes and synthesis of a variety of functional proteins. This includes transcription factors, enzymes, molecular chaperones, ion channels, and transporters (Zhou et al., 2009). Functional proteins helps the plant can change in their physiological and metabolic reaction according to the stress endured. This ensure the plant continue to triumph in stressful abiotic environment (Bray, 1997). Counter Measures There are numerous physical ways to counter these problems. For example, pesticides can be use for the prevention of insect infestation. However, this counter measures are not without any negative consequences. Chemical control of insect pests is an effective method but not efficient. Pesticides cause a lot more today and the usage depends mainly on the weather conditions. Uncontrolled usage of chemical pesticides will not only build up resistance in insect pests but also affect other beneficial organisms such as pollinators, nutrient cyclers and natural pest-controlling predators (Yarasi et al., 2008). They can pollute the environment and as well as depleting other natural minerals of soil. As to solve drought problems on plants growth, government had tried counter measure such as cloud seeding. Cloud seeding Cloud seeding works by the use of airplanes to spray expensive chemicals such as silver salt into the sky in hope for rain. Cloud seeding is not preferred method to reduce the effect of drought on food production because the silver salt used are very expensive and success percentage of seeding clouds are very low. Now scientists are looking forward in finding the best solution to increase the production of rice. The most interesting and the most widely studied is the t ransgenic method. Transgenic Approach Transgenic comes from the word trans-gene, which means introduction of foreign gene that is consider beneficial to the wild type species. Any foreign genes that are considered a help to confer stability of rice to environmental stress are being studied. Genetic enhancement of rice through conventional methods is often constrained by narrow gene pools. So, transgenic technology can be used as better alternative approach for hybridization of wild species genes with foreign gene to produce a better rice species in term of survivability in nature (Yarasi et al., 2008). With current advancement in biotechnology, we can look forward to produce transgenic rice that can have higher survival chance from biotic and abiotic interference. Beneficial Transgenic Effect In Rice Through transgenic method, rice will be more resistant to diseases and insects when foreign genes are introduced into the wild type rice gene to express certain proteins that repel insects (Yarasi et al., 2008). For example, is the introduction of Tobacco OPBP1 gene into rice may improve the disease resistance of rice (Chen and Guo, 2008) and the introduction of Allium sativum leaf lectin gene into rice to repel sap-sucking insect (Yarasi et al., 2008). Besides that, rice will become more likely to survive abiotic catastrophe such as drought and high salinity condition as introduction of new genes confers the ability of rice to mediate metabolic ways to react to these stresses. For example, insertion of Arabidopsis HARDY (HRD) gene in rice improves water use efficiency, the ratio of biomass produced to the water used, by improving photosynthetic assimilation and reducing transpiration (Karaba et al., 2007). There is also the insertion of Triticum aestivum salt tolerance-related gene (TaSTRG) derived from salt-tolerant wheat mutant RH8706-49 enhances salt and drought tolerance of rice (Zhou et al., 2009). Other than that, transgenic process can be used to insert a bacterial chlorocatechol dioxygenase gene into rice so that rice plants are able to degrade pesticides (chlorinated compounds) to less harmful form. Several herbicides and pesticides containing chlorinated compounds have been used and have spread in the environment. They will destroy the delicate balance of nature by many ways. If left unattended, the environment will have some non reversible consequences. Therefore, bio-remediation of these chemical compounds will be a powerful technique to degrade chlorinated pollutants in soil. Transgenic rice plants that express foreign genes encoding enzymes to degrade chlorinated chemical compounds would enable farmers to remove these harmful chemical compounds from soil and water surrounding the fields (Alexander, 1981). By applying transgenic research, rice pla nt can be further enhanced to be able to survive stresses and as well to help remediate the environment. Indirectly, the rice production will also increase so that food crisis will not happen. The Super Green Rice Project Currently, scientific community are on the verge to produce transgenic rice called Super Green Rice which possesses numerous beneficial properties such as resistances to multiple insects and diseases, high nutrient efficiency, and drought resistance (Zhang, 2009). So this new kind of hybrid rice are hoped to reduce the consumption of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and water. Super Green Rice also needs to have high yield quality regardless of multiple stress environments (Zhang, 2009). For this production of Super Green rice to realized, they are undergoing enormous efforts to focus on identifying allthe hereditarymaterialin a single species and discovering genes for resistance to diseases and insects, nitrogen and potassium use efficiency, drought resistance, grain quality, and yield. The steps adopted include screening of germplasm collections and mutant libraries, gene discovery and identification, microarray analysis of differentially regulated genes under stressed conditions, and functional test of candidate genes by transgenic test (Zhang, 2009). Genes that are considered beneficial to the production of rice are now been isolated and are gradually incorporated into wild type rice gene. It is anticipated that such strategies and efforts would eventually lead to the development of Green Super Rice (Zhang, 2007). Problem of transgenic plant in food Transgenic research seems to have a bright and brilliant prospect ahead to help solve the world food crisis problems, but, the introduction of foreign genes into wild type rice does not come without any major public concern (Yarasi et al., 2008). In all new scientific projects worldwide, there will be problems because of the technologies and knowledge is yet to be fully explored. There are some worries that the lack of transgenic effect on food crop may have negative consequences. For example, effect of the transferred foreign toxic gene such as the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insect-resistance gene to other species other than rice (Yarasi et al., 2008). This induces the rice to produces endotoxin to repel insect from eating the crops. This Bt gene inserted into food crop can help to reduce insect destruction and increase the food yield, but, there are concerns that the inserted gene into food crops will have adverse effect on the nutrient quality of crops produced (Yarasi et al., 20 08). The gene may induce the plant to undergo different metabolic process and produces toxic substances as by-product. Although with the insertion of Bt gene into rice will increase its yield, but the rice produced are not suitable for human consumption. This may cause the crops produced not fit to be consumed. Transgenic Plant and Environment Concerns Through the introduction of transgenic plant in our environment, scientist began to think about the consequences that might occur. There is concern about the consequences of transgene escape to wild type relatives. Transgenic plants have genes that are different from the wild type gene but both transgenic and non-transgenic plants are still able to communicate and transfer genes (Lu and Yang, 2009). Communicate in this term means the ability to interbreed with each other. So, the transgene can flow to the wild type species. There are three pathways for gene flow to occur which is pollen-mediated, seed-mediated and vegetative propagule-mediated gene flow (Lu and Yang, 2009). Transgenes can escape from a genetically modified (GM) crop to its wild relative species via pollen-mediated gene flow. There are many factors that can affect the pollen-mediated gene flow such as wind, animal, water current and other factors. Moreover, types of vectors for pollination and environmental conditions , such as the strength, and direction of wind, temperature, light intensity, and air humidity, will also influence pollen-mediated greatly (Lu and Yang, 2009). It is natural to have pollen-mediated gene flow because it helps in plant evolution. However, the movement of transgenes from genetically modified plant to wild type species may have adverse effect. This is because wild or weedy plants that acquire transgenes will continue to evolve, subject to natural and artificial selection in the agricultural ecosystem and beyond, posing potential ecological consequences (Lu and Yang, 2009). Once transgenes have moved into populations of wild or weedy species, it is nearly impossible to remove them from the environments if the transgenes can persist and spread in the populations. Different consequences will arise if the wild type relatives acquire transgene from genetically modified plant relative. If the transgene is able to confer favorable traits such as pest resistance, drought tolera nce, and enhanced growth ability, the transgene followed by gene flow would persist to and quickly spread in the populations of wild relatives through introgression. Then individual plants which contain the transgene are out surviving the individuals without the transgene in natural selection. This will indirectly increase the invasiveness of transgenic plant and sooner or later, the habitat will be filled with transgenic species rather than the wild type species (Lu and Yang, 2009). On the other side, if the transgene reduces the survivability of wild relatives, the frequencies of individuals that contain the disadvantageous transgene will decrease gradually. This process will cause the extinction of local populations by the so-called swarm effect (Ellstrand and Elam, 1993). Therefore, transgenes escape via pollen-mediated gene flow from a GM crop to populations of wild relatives and its ecological impacts have been a major concern. Another concern over transgene escape from GM ric e to its wild relatives is for the consequences of genetic diversity. The presence of transgenes in the germplasm of wild rice relatives may represent a form of pollution. It is theoretically possible that strong selection for fitness enhancing transgenes could generate selective sweeps, in which portions of the crop genome that are linked to these transgenes displace corresponding portions of wild genomes (Lu and Yang, 2009). This can be particular dangerous as the transgenic plant displaces its wild type relatives, the gene pool will be less diverse. So, if there is a new disease caused by new type of bacteria or viruses, and coincidently the transgenic plants lack of gene to fight off the disease, the whole population of the plant species are endangered of being wipe out and becomes extinct. Besides that, with the reduction of gene variety, there will be surely affect the plants natural evolution. As gene pool decreases, the evolution of transgenic plant in the future will not be as vary and diverse as the plants of wild type gene. The newly introduced transgenic rice may alter the soil composition and its microbes community due to its different physiological need compared to its native species. These might render the soil useless and unsuitable for other plants to grow in. Transgenic plant and health concerns Majority of people are starting to get worried about the consequences of the transgenic genomes transferred into the native species and other major complication caused. Those complications include health concerns where foreign genes are transferred into the rice gene may cause health complication. Some scientists have argued that protein products are not the only potential source of toxicity in transgenic plants (Connor and Jacobs, 1999). An experiment had been conducted when researchers fed rats either wild-type, wild-type containing lectin or transgenic potatoes expressing the lectin protein. Lectins are of commercial interest because of their pesticidal properties. The result shows that only the transgenic potato-fed group experienced physiological changes such as intestinal damage and they concluded that the genetic transformation process itself caused the observed complications. By getting the result from the rats, we can subsequently predict the analogous effect of unsuitable t ransgene on human health. Humans health is in great danger if they consume such transgenic crop. Other than that, people around the world are more alerted to the food safety of GM food that introduces allergens into the food supply. The allergenicity of the GM food is determined by the allergenicity of the substance. This means that gene products that are not allergenic normally will not become allergenic when expressed in a transgenic plant. For example, plant ferritin has no allergy cases reported, so, transgenic iron-enriched rice that contains the plant ferritin gene (Goto et al., 1999) poses no allergenicity risk. On the other side, if the gene product is a known allergen, then it will also be an allergen in a transgenic plant. As an example, when a Brazil nut albumin was expressed in soybean to boost methionine content, it resulted in nut-allergic individual reacted to the transgenic soybean(Nordlee et al., 1996). Therefore, people with an allergy to Brazil nuts would now also be allergic to those GM soybeans, even though they were not allergic to native soybean before. Ho wever, allergenicity of food is much more complicated when the allergenicity of a transgenic protein is unknown. For example, if a substance is not tested for allergenicity before, then the question may be asked if people started to consume food with the unknown substance, will they develop food allergy. There are more than 200 food allergens have been identified and sequenced (Gendel, 1998), but there is no definite sequence of protein are determined to be the source of allergenicity. Most known food allergens are stable to digestion (Ashwood et al., 1996). Therefore, proteins digestion stability test in the digestive process environment is one way to identify potential allergens. It is unlikely to reach immune cells to cause a hypersensitivity response if a protein is degraded in the stomach and small intestines. Stable proteins should be examined further. These experiments can be coupled with a comparison of sequence similarity to known allergens. Novel proteins with a significan t sequence similarity can be tested for reactivity with serum from subjects who are allergic to the homologous allergen. Although these tests may not be comprehensive in identifying potential allergenicity, the limited variety of source foods suggests that the vast majority of transgene proteins will be safe for consumption (Lehrer et al., 1996). More than 90% of the people who have food allergies are allergic to one or more of either cows milk, wheat, nuts, legumes, eggs or seafood. Transgenic plant and effect on non target species Transgenic crops that express insecticidal transgenes to control agricultural pests may also affect non-target organisms (Hilbeck et al., 1998; Losey et al., 1999; Saxena et al., 1999). Studies using corn transformed with a Bt-insecticidal transgene have non-target effects. For example, Lacewings (Chrystoperla carnea), an insect predator, suffered from higher death rates by feeding on corn destructive insect, European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) reared on Bt corn. The result shows lower and more significant less death rate using corn borers raised on non-Bt-transformed plants (Hilbeck et al., 1998). However, this was a laboratory study. It would seem a low probability for lacewings to be exposed to European corn borers that have ingested Bt toxin in the field. In another study, Monarch butterfly larvae (Danaus plexippus) that consumed milkweed (Asclepias curassavica) leaves dusted with Bt-containing corn pollen had decreased feeding, growth and survival rates, compared to larvae that consumed leaves with non-transgenic corn pollen (Losey et al., 1999). This result may indicate that the usefulness of some genes to deter some destructive insect may have some adverse and unwanted consequences of other species within the food chain. This indirectly will cause some species to be greatly in danger by this newly introduced transgenic plant. If the problem persisted, some species affect maybe extinct and then it will generate cascade of negative effec t on the fragile natural food chain. Transgenic plant and resistance issue There is also the issue of insect developing resistance to the transgenic plant and thus render the transgenic plants useless. For example, the diamondback moth, an important pest to Brassica crops worldwide, was the first documented pest to develop resistance to Bt toxins applied as microbial formulations in open-field populations (Tabashnik, 1994). Until now, there is no dominantly inherited Bt resistance genes have been documented. Using this information, various resistance management strategies have been proposed to delay the resistance building by insect, with plantation of a high expressing transgenic plant coupled with a non-transgenic plant (Shelton et al., 2000). The non-transgenic plant allows Bt-susceptible pests to survive on the field population and mate with Bt-resistant individuals. The goal of this strategy is to keep the recessive Bt resistance genes at low levels in the target populations and thus limit the rate at which the entire population will acquire Bt resista nce. The effectiveness of this strategy depends on the population size (Shelton et al., 2000). Transgenic plant and ethical issue Besides that, there are also some ethical issues where transgenic rice contains foreign genes that cannot be consumed. For example, the vegetarian will think twice before consuming the transgenic rice containing animal genes inside the transgenic rice. There is a strong sense of consumerism where consumers want to know what is in their food. Transgenic plant and its economic issue Economically, there are also a few setbacks regarding the production cost and the research cost for the transgenic rice. It is true that the transgenic rice will give us more yields but there are some worries that the money needed for the production and research of transgenic rice may overcome the benefit. As commercial crops are the main applicator for transgenic research, it may be hindered to progress in poor nation. So indirectly, the transgenic rice project might be not economically feasible. However, there is still no exact amount that can be taken into account but there is a bright prospect that the benefit of higher yield will overcome the cost needed. Transgenic rice is something to look forward to in the future because it may put a stop to the world food crisis. By mastering transgenic technology, there is a hope where the perfect rice plants can be produced greatly without much interference abiotically or biotically. It also have good prospect for better future study of alteration of rice nutritional value to suit the ever more demanding human population.

Answers To Digestion Review Questions

Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process? 4. The diagram below represents a plant cell. 7. Base your answer to the following question on Which activity is illustrated in the diagram of an mamba shown below? A) congestion C) respiration For the process of photosynthesis, the arrow labeled A would most likely represent the direction of movement of B) synthesis D) ingestion 8. The diagram below represents a sequence of events that occurs in living things. Carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy oxygen, sugar, and solar energy carbon dioxide, oxygen, and heat energy sugar, water, and heat energy 5.Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents a cross section of a plant Structure. Letter X represents Which letter indicates the region where most photosynthesis takes place? 6. All of the cell shapes shown in the diagrams below have the same volume. Which form could absorb nutrients most efficiently and quickly? A) inorganic molecules B) organic molecules C) biological catalysts D) simple sugars 9. The diagram below represents a series of events that occur in living cells. Which molecule is indicated by X? A) glucose C) carbon dioxide B) AT p D) protein 12.Base your answer to the following question on Which process is illustrated in the diagrams below? A) circulation C) peristalsis B) absorption Base your answers to questions 13 through 15 on on the diagram below of the human digestive system and on your knowledge of biology. 10. The diagram below represents a beaker containing a solution of various molecules involved in digestion. Which structures represent products of digestion? A) A and D C) B and E B) B and C D) D and E 1 1 . Which process increases the surface area of foods prior to chemical digestion? Hydration synthesis excretion mechanical digestion diffusion 13. In which structure does the initial hydrolysis (chemical digestion) of carbohydrates occur? 14. From which structure are glucose and amino acids normally absorbed into the circulatory system (the blood)? 15. In which structure does extracurricular(outside of the cell) chemical digestion of protein begin? 16. Before starch can enter a cell, it must be absorbed by simple sugars diffused into simple sugars digested to form simple sugars actively transported by simple sugars 17.Which molecule can diffuse from the digestive tract not the human bloodstream without first being digested? A) protein C) fat B) starch D) glucose 18. Teeth chewing food into smaller digestible pieces is known as chemical digestion circulation regulation 19. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents a portion of the human body. The principal function of structure X is to produce salivary enzymes secrete sex hormones absorb water digest bile 20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and graph below and on your knowledge of biology.The diagram represents the human digestive system. Pepsin and trying are human digestive enzymes. The graph indicates that pepsin would function best in the A) mouth B) stomach C) small intestine 21 . Which structures secrete chemicals utilized for the completion of digestion within the small intestine? Liver and pancreas slumberous and villa esophagi and alveoli gallbladder and pharynx 22. Which foods should be included in a balanced diet as a good source of roughage? Red meat and poultry fresh fruits and vegetables eggs and milk products animal fat and plant oil 23.If a person was unable to break down food particles into molecules that loud be absorbed by the body, you would predict A) there is a malfunction with the digestive system B) there is a malfunction with the excretory system C) there is a malfunction with the reproductive system D) there is a malfunction with the circulatory system D) large intestine 24. Feces is usually about 40 percent water and 60 percent solid matter. Reducing the water content to 20 percent would most likely r esult in A) ulcers C) diarrhea B) appendicitis D) constipation 25.Base your answer to the following question on select the organ, chosen from the diagram below, that is most loosely related to that malfunction. A painful condition results from erosion of the surface of this organ by gastric juices. 26. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. The substance labeled â€Å"catalyst† is also known as A) a hormone C) an antibody B) an enzyme D) an inorganic compound 27. Base your answer to the following question on In the reaction illustrated in the diagram below, which structure represents the enzyme? 28.

Lufthansa: to Hedge or Not to Hedge

LUFTHANSA: TO HEDGE OR NOT TO HEDGE 1. If the DM/US$ exchange rate were 2. 4DM/US$ in January 1986, what would be the all in cost of the aircraft purchase under each alternative? What would be the all in cost of the aircraft purchase under each alternative if the exchange rate were 3. 4DM/US$? Consider both fully hedging the cost and hedging exactly one half of the cost (why may you only want to hedge part of the purchase price? ). 1. Do nothing and wait and see what the exchange rate is like in January 1986. 500,000,000 USD x 2. 4DM/USD = 1,200,000,000 DM The cost of the aircraft purchase will be 1200 million DM. 2. Cover the purchase price using forward contracts. If the company use forward contracts they have the obligation to perform, i. e. they have to buy the amount they have agreed upon in one year for the forward rate of 3. 20 DM/USD. If they fully hedging the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: 500,000,000 USD x 3. 2DM/USD = 1,600,000,000 DM The cost of the aircraft purchase will be 1600 million DM. If they choose to hedging exactly one half of the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: (250,000,000 USD x 2. DM/USD) + (250,000,000 USD x 3. 2DM/USD) = 1,400,000,000 DM The cost of the aircraft purchase will be 1400 million DM. 3. Cover the cost using foreign currency put options A put option gives Lufthansa the right to sell the DM at 3. 20 DM/USD in one year. Even if they don’t exercise the option they have to pay the 6 % premium. The DM has appreciated in relation to the USD and the pu t option is therefore out-of-the money and Lufthansa will not use the option. But they will have to pay for the premium. If they fully hedging the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: 500,000,000 x 3. DM/USD x 0. 06 = 96,000,000 DM 500,000,000 USD x 2. 4DM/USD + 96,000,000 DM = 1,496,000,000 DM The cost of the aircraft purchase will be 1496 million DM. If they choose to hedging exactly one half of the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: 250,000,000 x 3. 2DM/USD x 0. 06 = 48,000,000 DM 500,000,000 USD x 2. 4DM/USD + 48,000,000 DM =1,448,000,000 DM The cost of the aircraft purchase will be 1448 million DM 4. Borrow DM to buy USD dollars today and invest them for one year In this strategy Lufthansa lock in the price at today’s spot exchange rate. They could repay the loan using the funds to be available for the purchase in one year. In January 1985 the spot exchange rate was 3. 17 DM/USD, the Eurocurrency U. S. dollar one year interest rate was 9. 5625 percent and the Eurocurrency one year deutschmark interest rate was 6. 3125 percent. If they fully hedging the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: Borrow DM to buy 500 million USD today and invest them for one year. 500,000,000 USD/1. 095625 ? 456,360,525 USD 456,360,525 USD x 3. 17 = 1,446,662,864 DM Interest rate on the money in the end of the year: 1,446,662,864 DM x 1. 63125 = 1,537,983,458 DM Total all in cost of the aircraft purchase 1,537,983,458 DM. If they choose to hedging exactly one half of the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: Borrow DM to buy 250 million USD today and invest them for one year. 250,000,000 USD/1. 095625 ? 228,180,262 USD 228,180,262 USD x 3. 17 ? 723,331,431 DM Interest rate on the money in the end of the yea r: 723,331,431 DM x 1. 063125 = 768,991,728 DM Cost of the aircraft purchase: 250,000,000 USD x 2. 4 DM/USD + 768,991,728 = 1,368,991,728 DM Total all in cost of the aircraft purchase 1,368,991,728 DM. What would be the all in cost of the aircraft purchase under each alternative if the exchange rate were 3. 4DM/US$? Consider both fully hedging the cost and hedging exactly one half of the cost (why may you only want to hedge part of the purchase price? ) 1. Do nothing and wait and see what the exchange rate is like in January 1986. 500,000,000 USD x 3. 4DM/USD = 1,700,000,000 DM The cost of the aircraft purchase will be 1700 million DM. 2. Cover the purchase price using forward contracts. If the company use forward contracts they have the obligation to perform, i. e. hey have to buy the amount they have agreed upon in one year for the forward rate of 3. 20 DM/USD. If they fully hedging the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: 500,000,000 USD x 3. 2DM/USD = 1,600,000,000 DM The cost of the aircraft purchase will be 1600 million DM. If they choose to hedging exactly one half of the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: (250,000,000 USD x 3. 4DM/USD) + (250,000,000 USD x 3. 2DM/USD) = 1,650,000,000 DM The cost of the aircraft purchase will be 1650 million DM. 3. Cover the cost using foreign currency put options A put option gives Lufthansa the right to sell the DM at 3. 20 DM/USD in one year. Even if they don’t exercise the option they have to pay the 6 % premium. The DM has depreciated in relation to the USD and therefore the option is in-the-money and Lufthansa will use the option. If they fully hedging the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: 500,000,000 USD x 3. 2 DM/USD x 1. 06 = 1696,000,000 DM The cost of the aircraft purchase will be 1696 million DM. If they choose to hedging exactly one half of the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: (250,000,000 USD x 3. DM/USD) + (250,000,000 USD x 3. 2DM/USD x 1. 06) = 1,698,000,000 DM The cost of the aircraft purchase will be 1698 million DM. 4. Borrow DM to buy USD dollars today and invest them for one year In this strategy Lufthansa lock in the price at today’s spot exchange rate. They could repay the loan using the funds to be available for the purchase in one year. In January 1985 the spot exchange rate was 3. 17 DM/USD, the Eurocurrency U. S. dollar one year interest rate was 9. 5625 percent and the Eurocurrency one year deutschmark interest rate was 6. 3125 percent. If they fully hedging the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: Borrow DM to buy 500 million USD today and invest them for one year. 500,000,000 USD/1. 095625 ? 456,360,525 USD 456,360,525 USD x 3. 17 = 1,446,662,864 DM Interest rate on the money in the end of the year: 1,446,662,864 DM x 1. 063125 = 1,537,983,458 DM Total all in cost of the aircraft purchase 1,537,983,458 DM. If they choose to hedging exactly one half of the cost the all in cost of the aircraft purchase will be: Borrow DM to buy 250 million USD today and invest them for one year. 250,000,000 USD/1. 095625 ? 228,180,262 USD 28,180,262 USD x 3. 17 ? 723,331,431 DM Interest rate on the money in the end of the year: 723,331,431 DM x 1. 063125 = 768,991,728 DM Cost of the aircraft purchase: 250,000,000 USD x 2. 4 DM/USD + 768,991,728 = 1,368,991,728 DM Total all in cost of the aircraft purchase 1,368,991,728 DM. 2. Which alternative would you choose and why? I would not choose the first alternative and l eave the amount unhedged since an appreciate of the USD against DM could change the all in cost rapidly and hence the profit. It is important to design the hedging policy based on the belief about future circumstances. If Lufthansa really believes that the exchange rate will move in a profitable they could profit by leaving the amount unhedged. But it can be hard to predict future exchange rates and that is why a lot of companies choose to drive safe by ensuring their future financial situation through hedging. If Lufthansa would hedge all its currency risk they also take a risk and that is why I would choose to hedge only a part of the currency risk. Another aspect is that creditors’ might not like that Lufthansa is unhedged and they might also receive better interest rates if they are hedged. But of this we do not know. Lufthansa can’t borrow any more money so we can start with excluding the forth option, i. e. the money market hedge. The put option provides the lowest all in cost if exercised but at the same it also provides the highest cost when not exercised. I know from a lecture that options were commonly used by airlines foremost to hedge against fuel prices but that they have become quiet expansive so that, at least Southwest Airlines, now days use collars instead. The money market hedge works exactly like a forward hedge and I think we have narrowed the alternatives down to the forward hedge.

The Key Events of American History and Their Impact on...

Key Historical Events Introduction In American history, the time period before the Civil War (i.e. 1800 to 1861) marked an era of tremendous changes. What was happening is the country was rapidly expanding westward and industrializing. This created problems about how to solve a host of issues ranging from: slavery to states rights. To fully understand what is happening requires focusing on: key events / issues that led to the rise of the Republican Party and the consequences / transformations of Lincolns presidency. Together, these different elements will show how a series of incidents redefined America and what it stood for. This thesis statement will underscore the way these shifts occurred and the long term impact they are having on society. What were the key historical events and decisive issues that led to the rise and decline of the national Democratic Party and the emergence of the Republican Party? The key events that led to the rise of the Republican Party were slavery and preserving the Union. What happened is the issue of slavery created vast divisions inside America. This is because the Northern part of the country was experiencing tremendous amounts of industrialization. Over the course of time, this reduced the need for additional human labor. Moreover, many individuals in the region were from: strong Christian backgrounds and believed that it should be outlawed. (Foner, 2008, pp. 317 45) As a result, runaway slaves found safe havens in the North. AtShow MoreRelatedThe British Enlightenment And The American Revolution1538 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution was a product of the British Enlightenment as well as both American and British history. The Enlightenment was age of innovation taking place dur ing the 17th and 18th centuries. 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